{ "version": "https://jsonfeed.org/version/1.1", "title": "FALASTEEN.AI — Movements", "description": "The organisations of the Palestinian national movement, presented through their own founding documents.", "home_page_url": "https://falasteen.ai/movements", "feed_url": "https://falasteen.ai/feeds/movements.json", "language": "en", "icon": "https://falasteen.ai/icon-key-512.png", "favicon": "https://falasteen.ai/favicon-key.svg", "authors": [ { "name": "FALASTEEN.AI", "url": "https://falasteen.ai/" } ], "_falasteen": { "licence": "Free to read, quote and cite. Attribution to FALASTEEN.AI required.", "attribution": "FALASTEEN.AI — A Living Archive for Palestine (https://falasteen.ai)", "manifest": "https://falasteen.ai/api/index.json", "rss": "https://falasteen.ai/feeds/movements.xml", "count": 15 }, "items": [ { "id": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/palestinian-national-initiative/", "url": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/palestinian-national-initiative/", "title": "The Palestinian National Initiative (17 June 2002)", "content_text": "Founded at the height of the Second Intifada by a physician, an elder statesman of Gaza and a literary critic dying in New York, on the argument that Palestinians needed a democratic third force between Fatah's corruption and Hamas's armed maximalism — and that the resistance most likely to succeed was unarmed.", "summary": "Founded at the height of the Second Intifada by a physician, an elder statesman of Gaza and a literary critic dying in New York, on the argument that Palestinians needed a democratic third force between Fatah's corruption and Hamas's armed maximalism — and that the resistance most likely to succeed was unarmed.", "date_published": "2002-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", "_falasteen": { "arabicName": "المبادرة الوطنية الفلسطينية", "shortName": "al-Mubadara", "founded": "17 June 2002", "strand": "nationalist", "status": "active" } }, { "id": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/unified-national-leadership-uprising/", "url": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/unified-national-leadership-uprising/", "title": "The Unified National Leadership of the Uprising (8 January 1988)", "content_text": "An anonymous committee of four factions that ran the First Intifada by leaflet. Its bayanat — numbered communiqués, photocopied and passed hand to hand — set the strike days, the boycott, the school hours and the funeral discipline of an entire population for six years, and no one who signed them was ever named.", "summary": "An anonymous committee of four factions that ran the First Intifada by leaflet. Its bayanat — numbered communiqués, photocopied and passed hand to hand — set the strike days, the boycott, the school hours and the funeral discipline of an entire population for six years, and no one who signed them was ever named.", "date_published": "1988-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", "_falasteen": { "arabicName": "القيادة الوطنية الموحدة للانتفاضة", "shortName": "UNLU", "founded": "8 January 1988", "strand": "coalition", "status": "dissolved" } }, { "id": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/hamas/", "url": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/hamas/", "title": "The Islamic Resistance Movement (9 December 1987)", "content_text": "Founded in Gaza City on the second day of the First Intifada by seven Muslim Brotherhood leaders around Sheikh Ahmed Yassin. Its 1988 charter and its 2017 Document of General Principles say materially different things, and the movement issued the second itself, to restate its position.", "summary": "Founded in Gaza City on the second day of the First Intifada by seven Muslim Brotherhood leaders around Sheikh Ahmed Yassin. Its 1988 charter and its 2017 Document of General Principles say materially different things, and the movement issued the second itself, to restate its position.", "date_published": "1987-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", "_falasteen": { "arabicName": "حركة المقاومة الإسلامية", "shortName": "Hamas", "founded": "9 December 1987", "strand": "islamist", "status": "active" } }, { "id": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/palestinian-islamic-jihad/", "url": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/palestinian-islamic-jihad/", "title": "The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (c. 1980 (organised in Palestine from November 1981))", "content_text": "Founded by Palestinian students in Egypt who concluded that they had found nationalists without Islam and Islamists without Palestine. Its founder Fathi Shaqaqi, a paediatrician from Rafah, was assassinated in Malta in October 1995; the movement has stayed out of elections and out of government ever since.", "summary": "Founded by Palestinian students in Egypt who concluded that they had found nationalists without Islam and Islamists without Palestine. Its founder Fathi Shaqaqi, a paediatrician from Rafah, was assassinated in Malta in October 1995; the movement has stayed out of elections and out of government ever since.", "date_published": "1980-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", "_falasteen": { "arabicName": "حركة الجهاد الإسلامي في فلسطين", "shortName": "Islamic Jihad", "founded": "c. 1980 (organised in Palestine from November 1981)", "strand": "islamist", "status": "active" } }, { "id": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/prisoners-movement/", "url": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/prisoners-movement/", "title": "The Palestinian Prisoners' Movement (1970s (roots from 1930))", "content_text": "The movement the prisoners built inside the prison system itself — a cross-factional structure of representation, education and collective struggle whose weapon is the open-ended hunger strike, and whose own historians trace its first martyrs to the three men hanged at Acre in 1930.", "summary": "The movement the prisoners built inside the prison system itself — a cross-factional structure of representation, education and collective struggle whose weapon is the open-ended hunger strike, and whose own historians trace its first martyrs to the three men hanged at Acre in 1930.", "date_published": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", "_falasteen": { "arabicName": "الحركة الفلسطينية الأسيرة", "shortName": "The Prisoners' Movement", "founded": "1970s (roots from 1930)", "strand": "coalition", "status": "active" } }, { "id": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/dflp/", "url": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/dflp/", "title": "The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (22 February 1969)", "content_text": "Split from the PFLP in February 1969 on the argument that a petit-bourgeois group could not simply declare itself Marxist-Leninist. It was the first Palestinian organisation to argue publicly, from 1973, for a state on the West Bank and Gaza — and the organisation responsible for the killing of twenty-five schoolchildren at Ma'alot in 1974.", "summary": "Split from the PFLP in February 1969 on the argument that a petit-bourgeois group could not simply declare itself Marxist-Leninist. It was the first Palestinian organisation to argue publicly, from 1973, for a state on the West Bank and Gaza — and the organisation responsible for the killing of twenty-five schoolchildren at Ma'alot in 1974.", "date_published": "1969-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", "_falasteen": { "arabicName": "الجبهة الديمقراطية لتحرير فلسطين", "shortName": "DFLP", "founded": "22 February 1969", "strand": "leftist", "status": "active" } }, { "id": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/pflp-general-command/", "url": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/pflp-general-command/", "title": "The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (October 1968)", "content_text": "Ahmad Jibril's breakaway of October 1968, founded on the argument that the PFLP was drowning military work in ideological debate. It became the most Syria-aligned of the Palestinian organisations, fought other Palestinians in Lebanon, and negotiated the largest prisoner exchange in Palestinian history in 1985.", "summary": "Ahmad Jibril's breakaway of October 1968, founded on the argument that the PFLP was drowning military work in ideological debate. It became the most Syria-aligned of the Palestinian organisations, fought other Palestinians in Lebanon, and negotiated the largest prisoner exchange in Palestinian history in 1985.", "date_published": "1968-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", "_falasteen": { "arabicName": "الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين – القيادة العامة", "shortName": "PFLP-GC", "founded": "October 1968", "strand": "leftist", "status": "active" } }, { "id": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/pflp/", "url": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/pflp/", "title": "The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (11 December 1967)", "content_text": "Formed six months after the June 1967 defeat from the Palestine Section of the Arab Nationalist Movement, and turned Marxist at its second congress in February 1969. Its spokesman was the novelist Ghassan Kanafani; its external operations branch made the hijacking a global symbol, and its own leadership voted in 1970 to stop them.", "summary": "Formed six months after the June 1967 defeat from the Palestine Section of the Arab Nationalist Movement, and turned Marxist at its second congress in February 1969. Its spokesman was the novelist Ghassan Kanafani; its external operations branch made the hijacking a global symbol, and its own leadership voted in 1970 to stop them.", "date_published": "1967-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", "_falasteen": { "arabicName": "الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين", "shortName": "PFLP", "founded": "11 December 1967", "strand": "leftist", "status": "active" } }, { "id": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/plo/", "url": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/plo/", "title": "The Palestine Liberation Organization (28 May 1964)", "content_text": "Founded in Jerusalem in May 1964 by a Palestine National Council of 422 delegates, taken over by the guerrilla organisations in 1968–69, recognised by the Arab League in 1974 as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people, and the body that declared the State of Palestine at Algiers in 1988.", "summary": "Founded in Jerusalem in May 1964 by a Palestine National Council of 422 delegates, taken over by the guerrilla organisations in 1968–69, recognised by the Arab League in 1974 as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people, and the body that declared the State of Palestine at Algiers in 1988.", "date_published": "1964-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", "_falasteen": { "arabicName": "منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية", "shortName": "PLO", "founded": "28 May 1964", "strand": "coalition", "status": "active" } }, { "id": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/fatah/", "url": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/fatah/", "title": "The Palestinian National Liberation Movement (1959 (core group formed in Kuwait, autumn 1957))", "content_text": "Founded by refugee engineers and teachers working in Kuwait on one inverted premise: that the liberation of Palestine is the road to Arab unity, and not the other way round. It took over the PLO in 1969, renounced armed struggle at Algiers in 1988, signed at Oslo in 1993, and has governed the Palestinian Authority ever since.", "summary": "Founded by refugee engineers and teachers working in Kuwait on one inverted premise: that the liberation of Palestine is the road to Arab unity, and not the other way round. It took over the PLO in 1969, renounced armed struggle at Algiers in 1988, signed at Oslo in 1993, and has governed the Palestinian Authority ever since.", "date_published": "1959-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", "_falasteen": { "arabicName": "حركة التحرير الوطني الفلسطيني", "shortName": "Fatah", "founded": "1959 (core group formed in Kuwait, autumn 1957)", "strand": "nationalist", "status": "active" } }, { "id": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/arab-nationalist-movement/", "url": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/arab-nationalist-movement/", "title": "The Arab Nationalist Movement (1951)", "content_text": "Founded by medical students at the American University of Beirut who had watched their own towns emptied in 1948, on the premise that Arab unity was the road to the liberation of Palestine. Its Palestine Section became, after the defeat of June 1967, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine.", "summary": "Founded by medical students at the American University of Beirut who had watched their own towns emptied in 1948, on the premise that Arab unity was the road to the liberation of Palestine. Its Palestine Section became, after the defeat of June 1967, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine.", "date_published": "1951-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", "_falasteen": { "arabicName": "حركة القوميين العرب", "shortName": "ANM", "founded": "1951", "strand": "precursor", "status": "dissolved" } }, { "id": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/arab-higher-committee/", "url": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/arab-higher-committee/", "title": "The Arab Higher Committee (25 April 1936)", "content_text": "The first body to speak for all of Palestine — six parties and ten men, formed on the sixth day of the 1936 general strike, outlawed by the British in 1937, and left after 1948 as a government-in-name-only over a people it could no longer reach.", "summary": "The first body to speak for all of Palestine — six parties and ten men, formed on the sixth day of the 1936 general strike, outlawed by the British in 1937, and left after 1948 as a government-in-name-only over a people it could no longer reach.", "date_published": "1936-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", "_falasteen": { "arabicName": "اللجنة العربية العليا", "shortName": "AHC", "founded": "25 April 1936", "strand": "precursor", "status": "dissolved" } }, { "id": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/al-jihad-al-muqaddas/", "url": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/al-jihad-al-muqaddas/", "title": "The Army of the Holy War (1935 (reconstituted 1947))", "content_text": "The volunteer force that defended the Jerusalem corridor in the winter of 1947–48 — a few thousand villagers with rifles against an organised army. Its commander, Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, was killed retaking al-Qastal on 8 April 1948; the road fell, and a day later Deir Yassin was massacred.", "summary": "The volunteer force that defended the Jerusalem corridor in the winter of 1947–48 — a few thousand villagers with rifles against an organised army. Its commander, Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, was killed retaking al-Qastal on 8 April 1948; the road fell, and a day later Deir Yassin was massacred.", "date_published": "1935-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", "_falasteen": { "arabicName": "جيش الجهاد المقدس", "shortName": "al-Jihad al-Muqaddas", "founded": "1935 (reconstituted 1947)", "strand": "precursor", "status": "dissolved" } }, { "id": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/black-hand-qassam/", "url": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/black-hand-qassam/", "title": "The Black Hand (c. 1930)", "content_text": "The clandestine cells a Syrian-born preacher built among the dispossessed peasants of Haifa's shanty towns in the early 1930s. Izz ad-Din al-Qassam was killed in the woods at Ya'bad in November 1935; his funeral filled Haifa, and six months later the country rose in the longest general strike of the colonial world.", "summary": "The clandestine cells a Syrian-born preacher built among the dispossessed peasants of Haifa's shanty towns in the early 1930s. Izz ad-Din al-Qassam was killed in the woods at Ya'bad in November 1935; his funeral filled Haifa, and six months later the country rose in the longest general strike of the colonial world.", "date_published": "1930-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", "_falasteen": { "arabicName": "الكف الأسود", "shortName": "al-Kaff al-Aswad", "founded": "c. 1930", "strand": "precursor", "status": "dissolved" } }, { "id": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/palestinian-peoples-party/", "url": "https://falasteen.ai/movements/palestinian-peoples-party/", "title": "The Palestinian People's Party (1919 (as the Palestine Communist Party); refounded 1982; renamed 1991)", "content_text": "The oldest continuous political current in Palestine, older than every other movement in this archive. It began among Jewish and Arab workers in Jaffa in 1919, split on the national question, was the only Palestinian party to accept the 1947 partition plan, and organised the trade unions that made the First Intifada possible.", "summary": "The oldest continuous political current in Palestine, older than every other movement in this archive. It began among Jewish and Arab workers in Jaffa in 1919, split on the national question, was the only Palestinian party to accept the 1947 partition plan, and organised the trade unions that made the First Intifada possible.", "date_published": "1919-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", "_falasteen": { "arabicName": "حزب الشعب الفلسطيني", "shortName": "PPP", "founded": "1919 (as the Palestine Communist Party); refounded 1982; renamed 1991", "strand": "communist", "status": "active" } } ] }